How to do radiotherapy: a comprehensive analysis of the radiotherapy process and precautions
Radiotherapy (radiotherapy for short) is one of the important means of cancer treatment. It uses high-energy rays to destroy the DNA of cancer cells and inhibit tumor growth. With the advancement of medical technology, the accuracy and safety of radiotherapy have significantly improved. This article will present the process, precautions and frequently asked questions of radiotherapy in a structured manner to help patients and their families better understand this treatment method.
1. Basic process of radiotherapy
Radiotherapy is usually divided into the following stages, and the specific process may vary slightly depending on the hospital and the condition:
| stage | content | Things to note |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Initial Assessment | Doctors determine the radiotherapy plan based on imaging examinations (CT/MRI) and pathology reports | A complete medical history and previous treatment records are required |
| 2. Position fixation | Make personalized fixed molds (such as thermoplastic films) to ensure accurate treatment position | Maintain a consistent posture during treatment |
| 3. Simulate positioning | Determine the irradiation target area and dose distribution through CT simulator | Skin markings need to be kept clear and scrubbing avoided |
| 4. Plan design | Physicist designs dose plan, physician reviews | Usually takes 3-5 working days |
| 5. Treatment Delivery | Once a day, 5 days a week, for 2-8 weeks | The treatment process is painless and takes about 10-30 minutes each time |
2. Comparison of common techniques in radiotherapy
Different radiotherapy techniques are suitable for different tumor types. The following are the characteristics of mainstream techniques:
| Technical name | Applicable symptoms | Advantages | limitations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) | Common solid tumors (such as lung cancer, prostate cancer) | Precise positioning to reduce normal tissue damage | Limited effect on moving organs (e.g. lungs, liver) |
| Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) | Head and neck tumors, complex shaped tumors | More even dose distribution | Longer treatment time |
| Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) | Early lung cancer, brain metastases | Single high dose, short treatment course | Only suitable for small tumors |
3. Precautions during radiotherapy
1.skin care: Avoid friction on the irradiated area, use mild detergent, and prohibit cosmetics or irritating drugs.
2.nutritional support: A high-protein diet helps repair damaged tissue. If oral ulcers occur, liquid food can be used.
3.side effect management: Fatigue and nausea are common reactions, and it is necessary to communicate with the medical team in time to adjust the plan.
4.Regular review: After treatment, blood routine, imaging, etc. need to be reviewed as directed by the doctor to monitor the efficacy and long-term response.
4. Answers to Frequently Asked Questions by Patients
| question | answer |
|---|---|
| Is it radioactive after radiation therapy? | External radiation therapy does not make the patient radioactive, and internal radiation therapy requires short-term isolation |
| Can radiotherapy and chemotherapy be performed simultaneously? | Some cancers (such as nasopharyngeal cancer) can be treated with concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy, but the side effects may be worsened |
| Can children receive radiotherapy? | Careful evaluation is required, and technologies such as proton therapy that cause little damage to normal tissue should be given priority. |
Conclusion
Radiotherapy is one of the core methods of comprehensive cancer treatment, and its technological development has significantly improved the survival rate and quality of life of patients. Patients should fully understand the treatment process, actively cooperate with the doctor, and pay attention to physical and mental recuperation. For further personalized consultation, it is recommended to contact the oncology hospital for detailed plans.
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