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What is human papillomavirus

2025-11-24 23:51:35 healthy

What is human papillomavirus

In recent years, Human Papillomavirus (HPV) has become one of the health hot spots of public concern. With the popularization of medical knowledge and the promotion of vaccination, more and more people are paying attention to the transmission, symptoms, prevention and treatment of HPV. This article will introduce in detail the definition, types, transmission routes, symptoms, preventive measures and related data of HPV.

1. Definition of HPV

What is human papillomavirus

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted virus that belongs to the family Papillomaviridae. There are more than 200 subtypes of HPV, about 40 of which infect the human genital area. Based on their cancer risk, HPV can be divided intoHigh risk typeandlow riskTwo categories.

HPV typesrisk levelRelated diseases
HPV-16, HPV-18High risk typeCervical cancer, anal cancer, oropharyngeal cancer
HPV-6, HPV-11low riskGenital warts, laryngeal papilloma

2. HPV transmission routes

HPV is mainly spread through the following ways:

  • Sexual contact transmission: Including vaginal, anal and oral sex.
  • mother-to-child transmission: May be transmitted to newborns during delivery.
  • indirect contact transmission: Transmitted through shared towels, bath towels and other items (rare).

3. Symptoms of HPV

Most people infected with HPV have no obvious symptoms, but some people may have the following symptoms:

Symptom typeCommon symptoms
genital wartsA small lump appears around the external genitalia or anus
Cervical lesionsAbnormal vaginal bleeding, bleeding after intercourse
Other symptomsForeign body sensation in throat (laryngeal papilloma)

4. HPV preventive measures

The main ways to prevent HPV infection include:

  • Get HPV vaccine: There are currently a variety of HPV vaccines on the market, such as bivalent, quadrivalent and nine-valent vaccines.
  • safe sex: Using condoms reduces the risk of infection.
  • Regular screening: Women should undergo regular cervical cancer screening (such as TCT examination).

5. HPV related statistics

According to the latest data from the World Health Organization (WHO):

Statistics Projectdata
Global HPV infection ratesAbout 80% of women will be infected with at least one type of HPV in their lifetime
HPV related cancersCauses approximately 630,000 cancer cases each year
vaccination coverageAbout 60% in developed countries and less than 30% in developing countries

6. Treatment of HPV

There is currently no specific drug that can completely eliminate the HPV virus, but related lesions can be treated in the following ways:

  • physical therapy: Cryotherapy, laser treatment, etc. are used to remove warts.
  • surgical treatment: Conization for high-grade cervical lesions.
  • Immunomodulation: Use drugs such as interferon to enhance immunity.

7. Clarification of common misunderstandings

There are some common misconceptions about HPV:

Misunderstandingfacts
Only women are infected with HPVBoth men and women can be infected with HPV
HPV infection definitely causes cancerMost infections are cleared by the immune system
You cannot get vaccinated if you have sexPeople aged 26-45 can still benefit from vaccination

8. Latest developments in HPV vaccines

Recently, there are the following hot topics in the field of HPV vaccines:

  • Many countries promote male HPV vaccination programs
  • Nine-valent vaccine approved in China for use on people aged 9-45
  • Research on the protective effect of a single dose of HPV vaccine has made progress

Through the above content, we have a comprehensive understanding of the relevant knowledge of human papillomavirus. Although HPV is ubiquitous, the health risks it brings can be completely reduced through scientific prevention and timely treatment. It is recommended that people of appropriate age get vaccinated in time and maintain good living habits and regular physical examinations.

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