What medications are available for cerebral infarction?
Cerebral infarction (ischemic stroke) is a common cerebrovascular disease in which the brain tissue is deprived of oxygen and necrosis due to the interruption of blood supply to the brain. In recent years, the treatment drugs and programs for cerebral infarction have been continuously updated and become a hot topic in the medical field. This article will combine the hot content on the Internet in the past 10 days to introduce you to the drug treatment plan for cerebral infarction in detail and provide structured data for reference.
1. Overview of drug treatment of cerebral infarction
Drug treatment for cerebral infarction mainly includes thrombolytic therapy, antiplatelet therapy, anticoagulation therapy, neuroprotective therapy, etc. The following are common drug categories and mechanisms of action:
| drug type | Representative medicine | Mechanism of action | Applicable stage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thrombolytic drugs | Alteplase (rt-PA) | Dissolve clots and restore blood flow | Acute phase (within 4.5 hours of onset) |
| antiplatelet drugs | aspirin, clopidogrel | Inhibit platelet aggregation and prevent thrombosis | Acute phase and secondary prevention |
| anticoagulant drugs | warfarin, rivaroxaban | Inhibit coagulation factors and prevent thrombus expansion | Cardiogenic cerebral infarction or high-risk patients |
| neuroprotective agent | Edaravone, Citicoline | Protect brain cells and reduce ischemic damage | Acute phase and recovery phase |
2. Thrombolytic therapy: key drugs within the golden time window
Thrombolytic therapy is the core treatment method in the acute stage of cerebral infarction, but it needs to be carried out within 4.5 hours after the onset. The following is detailed data on thrombolytic drugs:
| Drug name | Usage and dosage | efficient | Contraindications |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alteplase (rt-PA) | 0.9mg/kg intravenous infusion (maximum dose 90mg) | About 30%-50% of patients improve significantly | Recent history of bleeding, poor control of hypertension, etc. |
| Tenecteplase (TNK-tPA) | Single intravenous bolus injection of 0.25 mg/kg | Equivalent to rt-PA, easier to operate | Same as rt-PA |
3. Antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy: the key to preventing recurrence
Antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs are important components of secondary prevention of cerebral infarction. The following is a comparison of drug treatment options that are hotly discussed across the Internet:
| treatment plan | drug combination | Applicable people | Efficacy data |
|---|---|---|---|
| monotherapy | Aspirin 100mg/day | low risk patients | Reduce the risk of recurrence by about 20% |
| Dual Antibody Therapy | Aspirin + Clopidogrel | High-risk or acute-stage patients | Reduce risk of recurrence by 32% within 21 days |
| anticoagulant therapy | Rivaroxaban 20mg/day | Atrial fibrillation related cerebral infarction | Reduce the risk of stroke by more than 60% |
4. Neuroprotective agents and emerging treatments
In recent years, neuroprotective agents and new drugs have become research hotspots. The following is recent clinical trial data:
| Drug name | Functional characteristics | Latest research progress | Listing status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Idaravong | free radical scavenger | Improve patients’ 3-month functional prognosis | Already on the market |
| Nerinetide | neuroprotective protein | In phase III clinical trials | Not listed |
| Tenecteplase | New thrombolytic agent | Trends that are better than traditional rt-PA | Approved in some countries |
5. Precautions for drug treatment
1.time is brain: Thrombolytic treatment must be carried out within 4.5 hours after onset of illness. The earlier the treatment, the better the effect.
2.individualized treatment: Appropriate drugs need to be selected based on the cause, complications, etc. For example, patients with atrial fibrillation need anticoagulation rather than antiplatelet.
3.Drug side effects monitoring: Aspirin may cause gastrointestinal bleeding, and anticoagulant drugs require regular monitoring of INR values.
4.combined rehabilitation therapy: Medication treatment needs to be combined with early rehabilitation training to achieve the best results.
6. Future Outlook
With the development of medicine, drug treatment of cerebral infarction is developing in a more precise and effective direction. Recent research shows that new technologies such as personalized medication regimens and stem cell treatments based on artificial intelligence may become future treatment breakthroughs. Patients should pay attention to the latest medical developments in a timely manner and choose the most suitable treatment plan under the guidance of professional doctors.
The above content combines recent hot discussions in medical journals, clinical guidelines and health information, hoping to provide valuable reference information for patients with cerebral infarction and their families.
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